DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF GASTROPODS IN THE INTERTIDAL ZONE OF WATUKARUNG, INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14203/mri.v44i1.529Keywords:
Gastropod, intertidal zone, Watukarung Village, diversity index, IndonesiaAbstract
We present the density, diversity, and environmental conditions of gastropods in the Watukarung intertidal zone ? a coastal region of Pacitan Regency, Indonesia, adjoining the Indian Ocean. Gastropods play an important role in coastal ecosystems. In Watukarung, the local people collect marine organisms, including gastropods during low tide to supplement their income. Baseline information on the presence and abundance of gastropods in Watukarung are not available. Our survey collected 173 individuals of gastropod in the intertidal area of Watukarung that represent 8 families, 9 genera, and 13 species. Gastropod diversity index (H') in the three beaches (Ngalorombo, Pasir Putih, and Kasap) show varying values from the categories of low and medium species diversity. Although the data suggest that there should be a dominant species in the ecosystem (E < 0.5), there are no strong dominance species in the community (C < 0.5). Watukarung coastal waters are still in good condition for marine organisms with salinity > 31‰, DO > 8.1 mg/L, and pH > 8. The substrate is dominated by coarse sand. The total organic matter is relatively low (< 2.6%) due to characteristics of the substrate that is dominated by a rocky and sandy substrate. Based on the results, we suggest that Kasap beach can be established as a core zone considering its high diversity and density of gastropods as well as being distant from any residential area, whereas Ngalorombo and Pasir Putih beaches are suitable as usage zones for surfing tourism. We highlight the need for the local community, government, and private sector need to work together to encourage sustainably tourism while reducing environmental impacts in Watukarung.
Downloads
References
Abbot, R. T. (1969). Indo – Pacific Mollusca Volume 1. Philadelphia, PA: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Bloch, C. P. (2012). Why snails? How gastropods improve our understanding of ecological disturbance. Bridgewater Rev., 31(2), 8-13.
Blott, S. J., and Pye, K. (2001). GRANDISTAT: A grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments. Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 26, 1237-1248. doi:10.1016/S0167-5648(08)70015-7.
Brower, J. E, and Zar, J. H. (1990). Field and Laboratory Methods for General Ecology. Dubuque, IA: WMC Brown Company Publisher.
Davis, J. P., Pitt, K. A., Connolly, R. M., and Fry, B. (2015). Community structure and dietary pathways for invertebrates on intertidal coral reef flats. Food Webs, 3, 7-16. doi:10.1016/j. fooweb.2015.04.001.
De Kock, K. N., Joubert, P. H., and Pretorius, S. J. (1989). Geographical distribution and habitat preferences of the invader freshwater snail species Lymnaea columella (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in South Africa. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res., 56(4), 271-275.
Hookham, B., Shau-Hwai, A. T., Dayrat, B., and Hintz, W. (2014). A baseline measure of tree and gastropod biodiversity in replanted and natural mangrove stands in Malaysia: Langkawi Island and Sungai Merbok. Trop. Life Sci. Res., 25(1), 1-12.
Krebs, C. J. (1972). ECOLOGY: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance. New York, NY: Harper and Row Publisher Inc.
Mouritsen, K. N., and Poulin, R. (2002). Parasitism, community structure and biodiversity in intertidal ecosystems. Parasitol., 124(7), 101-117. doi:10.1017/ s0031182002001476.
Nybakken, J. W. (1988). Biologi Laut. Suatu pendekatan ekologis. Translated from Marine Biology an Ecologycal Approach by Eidman M., Koesbiono, Bengen D. G., and Sukardjo S. Jakarta, ID: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Odum, E. P. (1993). Dasar-dasar Ekologi 3rd. Translated from Fundamental of Ecology by Samingan T. Yogyakarta, ID: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Passamonti, M. (2015). The family Cypraeidae (Gastropoda Cypraeoidea) an unexpected case of neglected animals. Biodiv. J., 6(1), 449-466.
Picardal, R. M., and Dolorosa, R. G. (2014). The molluscan fauna (gastropods and bivalves) and notes on environmental conditions of two adjoining protected bays in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud., 2(5), 72–90.
Poutiers, J. M. (1998). Gastropods. In K. E. Carpenter and V. H. Niem. (Eds.), FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 1. Seaweeds, corals, bivalves, and gastropods. Rome: FAO. (pp. 363-648).
Reid, D. G. (1985). Habitat and zonation patterns of Littoraria species (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in Indo?Pacific mangrove forests. Biol. J. Linnean Soc., 26(1), 39-68. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1985.tb01551.x.
Schonbeck, M. W., and Norton, T. A. (1980). Hostinduced changes in the cell surface n-linked glycoproteins, from Aspergillus fumigatus. Search for specific targets with potential for clinical therapy and/or diagnosis. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 43, 131-150. doi:10.1016/00220981(80)90021-0.
Setyawati. (2014). Managing marine protected areas in Indonesia. J. Mar. Biol. Association India, 56(1), 13-18. doi:10.6024/ jmbai.2014.56.1.01750s-02.
Silulu, P. F., Boneka, F. B., and Mamangkey, G. F. (2013). Biodiversitas kerang oyster (Mollusca, Bivalvia) di daerah intertidal Halmahera Barat, Maluku Utara. J. Ilmiah Platax, I–2, 67-73. doi:10.35800/jip.1.2.2013.124.
Smale, D. A., Barnes, D. K. A., Barnes, R. S. K., Smith, D. J., and Suggett, D. J. (2012). Spatial variability in the structure of intertidal crab and gastropod assemblages within the Seychelles Archipelago (Indian Ocean). J. Sea Res., 69, 8-15. doi:10.1016/j.seares.2012.01.002.
Villamor, S., and Yamamoto, T. (2015). Population characteristics of Monetaria annulus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae). Aquacult. Sci., 63(3), 273-282. doi:10.11233/aquaculturesci.63.273.
Yulianda, F., Yusuf, M. S., and Prayogo, W. (2013). Zonasi dan kepadatan komunitas intertidal di daerah pasang surut, pesisir Batuhijau, Sumbawa. JITKT, 5(2), 409-416. doi:10.28930/jitkt.v5i2.7569.
