TWO NEW RECORDS OF ANTHIINE FISHES GENUS PLECTRANTHIAS (PERCIFORMES: SERRANIDAE) FROM INDONESIA

Three specimens of Plectranthias retrofasciatus Fourmanoir and Randall, 1979 and one specimen of P. randalli Fourmanoir and Rivaton, 1980 were collected by first author from fish market, Bitung, North Sulawesi on June and September 2010. The specimens were deposited at LBRC-F, the reference collection of LIPI Bitung, Technical Implementation Unit for Marine Biota Conservation, Research Centre for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bitung, Indonesia. Plectranthias retrofasciatus is closely related to P. megalophthalmus and P. knappi, in sharing some morphological characters as snout length and interorbital width, while P. randalli differs to other species by having a moderate deep body proportion. Initially these species known only from New Caledonia for P. retrofasciatus and Chesterfield Islands and southern Taiwan for P. randalli respectively. The two species of anthiine fishes collected from Bitung, Indonesia bringing the total number of species of this genus known in Indonesia to six.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three specimens of Plectranthias retrofasciatus and one specimen of P. randalli were collected by author from fish market, Bitung, North Sulawesi.Methods of counting and measuring followed Randall and Heemstra (2006) with additional measurements of all spine and rays length of dorsal and anal fins and suborbital width.All measurements were made with digital calipers to the nearest 0.01 mm.Cyanine blue

INTRODUCTION
The genus Plectranthias generally belong to small size species of serranid fish living in hard-bottom habitat and occur in waters beyond scuba-diving depths.Moreover, this genus of fish is not well represented in museum collections which some species were described as a new species from a single specimen or one or two localities (Randall, 1980).In the country where the trawl net is prohibit, the anthiine specimens were normally taken by hook and line operated by fishermen who targeting deep water groupers or deep snappers as Epinephelus, Pristipomoides and Etelis.
After Randall's (1980) revision, 14 new species of Plectranthias were described (Randall 1996).Chen and Shao (2002) described a new species of P. sheni as a new species from Taiwan, bringing the total number of valid species of this was used to examine and count scales.All lengths are reported as standard length (SL) and head length (HL).Institutional codes follow Fricke and Eschmeyer (2008) with additional abbreviations as follow: LBRC-F (The Reference Collection of LIPI Bitung, Technical Implementation Unit for Marine Biota Conservation, Research Centre for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bitung, Indonesia).Morphometric data and meristic counts for P. sheni and P. kamii (Chen and Shao, 2002), P. helenae and P. kamii (Randall, 1980), P. pilicieri (Randall and Shimizu, 1994), P. megalophthalmus, P. retrofasciatus, P. rubrifasciatus (Fourmanoir and Randall, 1979), P. jothyi (Randall, 1996) were used as comparison data proportional.Color when fresh (Fig. 1): Upper part of head and body pinkish, ventral part of head pale.Posterior part of body with two prominent orange-red bars, anterior bar passing from junction of dorsal-fin notch to anterior part of anal-fin ray, and the second bar on caudal peduncle.Opercle and preopercle scatered with yellow redish blotches.Dorsal-fin spine and anal-fin yellowish.Others fin pale.Base of pectoral-fin with redish blotch.Color after preservation: Body uniformely pale.All fins transparent.

Plectranthias retrofasciatus
Distribution: Plectranthias retrofasciatus innially was known from New Caledonia and now this species was also recorded from Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Material examined: LBRCF 1735; 105.25 mm SL, Girian fish market, Bitung, Indonesia; 125.12766, 1.43842; hook and line; no data on depth; T. Peristiwady; 24 September 2010; Description: Dorsal rays X, 16; anal rays III, 7; pectoral-fin ray 14,; lateral-line complete, highly arched over pectoral region, lateral-line scales 37; scales above lateral line to origin of dorsal-fin 7;  Anterior nostrils in front of eye with membranes nearly reaching anterior nostril; posterior nostril obliquely upward and behind anterior nostril.opercle with three flat spines, middle one largest and most posterior, slightly closer to lower than upper spine; opercular flap not pointed; posterior edge of preopercle serrated; interopercle and ventral margin of subopercle serrated.
Origin of dorsal-fin over first lateral-line scales; third dorsal spine the longest, 51.15 % HL; third to tenth dorsal spines progressively shorter, the tenth 33.02 % third spine length; first dorsal-fin soft ray more than twice of last dorsal spine length; third dorsal-fin soft ray the longest, 41.61 % HL.Origin of anal-fin beneath anterior soft portion of dorsal-fin; second anal-fin spine longest, second anal-fin soft ray longest, 49.15 % HL.Caudal-fin emarginated, the caudal-fin concavity 7.70 % HL, upper and lower lobes not forming filament.Pectoral ray the long, 80.11 % HL, reaching a vertical line at base of third anal-fin spine; pelvic-fins reaching anus67.63% HL.
Color when fresh (Fig. 2): Upper part of head and body pinkish, ventral part of head pale.Head and body with three prominent red-orange bars, anterior bar passing from nape crossing eye to below pectoral-fin base, second bar from nape to anterior fourth spine passing behind opercle to posterior part of pectoral-fin base, and the third from seventh dorsal-fin spine to anterior third of dorsal-fin rays to anal-fin; medial of caudal peduncle with red-brown spot.Anterior and posterior of dorsal-fin filament yellowish, anal-fin filament dark brown.Others fin pale.Color after preservation, body uniformely pale.All fins transparent.
Distribution: Plectranthias randalli innially was known from Chesterfield Island, western South Pacific.Other location was Taiwan (Lin et al., 1994;Chen and Shao, 2002) and now this species was also recorded from Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Remarks: Comparing to the other 8 species of Plectranthias (P.sheni, P. jothyi, P. knappi, P. pilicieri, P. kamii, P. megalophthalmus, P. rubrifasciatus and P. helenae) , P.retrofasciatus is most closely related to P. knappi in almost all measurements except the dorsal-fin base, preanal length and orbit diameter; mean while P. randalli closer to P. jothyi and P. sheni in having the similar persentage of head length, body width, caudal peduncle depth, caudal peduncle length and others measurements (Fig. 3).The color pattern of P.retrofasciatus and P. randalli also greatly differs with the others eight species in having prominent red-orange bars on body (Fig. 1, 2).Two of the most notable examples, a large black, often ocellated spot posteriorly on the dorsal fin and a prominent black spot on the fleshy pectoral-fin base, are not only found throughout the Labridae but occur extensively in the Pomacentridae as well (Gomon, 2006).

Table 1 .
Meristic counts for Plectranthias retrofasciatus and P. randalli from Bitung, Indonesia.Minimum and maximum measurements and mean value between brackets.
upward and behind anterior nostril, slightly more than a nostril diameter from bony edge of orbit.opercle with three flat spines, middle one largest and most posterior, slightly closer to lower than upper spine; opercular flap not pointed; posterior edge of preopercle serrated; interopercle and ventral margin of subopercle serrated.
Dorsal profile of head nearly straight, forming an angle of about 40° to the horizontal.Mouth terminal, oblique and moderately large, the posterior of maxilla nearly reaching to a vertical center of orbit, upper jaw length 48.49 % HL; a pair of stout canine tooth on each side at front of upper jaws; a close-set pair of tooth on posterior side of lower jaws.